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GENESYSTM 10S Vis Spectrophotometer

GENESYS TM 10S Vis分光光度计

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: GENESYSTM 10S
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Digestion of Peptidoglycan and Analysis of Soluble Fragments
Author:
Date:
2017-08-05
[Abstract]  Peptidoglycan (murein) is a vital component of the cell wall of nearly all bacteria, composed of sugars linked by short peptides. This protocol describes the purification of macromolecular peptidoglycan from cultured bacteria and the analysis of enzyme-digested peptidoglycan fragments using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Digested peptidoglycan fragments can be identified by mass spectrometry, or predicted by comparing retention times with other published chromatograms. The quantitative nature of this method allows for the measurement of changes to peptidoglycan composition between different species of bacteria, growth conditions, or mutations. This method can determine the overall architecture of peptidoglycan, such as peptide stem length, the extent of cross-linking, and ... [摘要]  肽聚糖(murein)是由短肽连接的糖组成的几乎所有细菌的细胞壁的重要组成部分。 该方案描述了从培养细菌中纯化大分子肽聚糖和使用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析酶消化的肽聚糖片段。 消化的肽聚糖片段可以通过质谱鉴定,或通过比较保留时间与其他公开的色谱图预测。 该方法的定量性质允许测量不同种类的细菌,生长条件或突变之间肽聚糖组成的变化。 该方法可以确定肽聚糖的总体结构,如肽长度,交联程度和修饰。 已经使用神经肽分析来研究肽聚糖相关蛋白的功能和细菌获得抗生素抗性的机制。
【背景】肽聚糖由通过肽干连接在一起的糖骨架组成,其产生对细胞形状重要的网状结构和细菌细胞的膨胀压力。大分子肽聚糖从在细胞质中合成的单体单元组装,并由具有5个氨基酸的茎组成的具有5个氨基酸的葡萄糖胺和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖二糖组成。当单体翻转到周质中时,通过反式糖基化将其加入到聚糖链中,并且通过转肽酶将一部分肽茎连接在一起。
 包含肽干的氨基酸可以根据物种变化,但通常以L-丙氨酸,D-谷氨酸,内消旋二氨基庚二酸,D-丙氨酸,D-丙氨酸,丙氨酸,在一些革兰氏阳性中,L-赖氨酸代替二氨基庚二酸。通过直接或通过连接氨基酸连接第三或第四氨基酸的第三个氨基酸的游离胺进行交联(Schleifer和Kandler,1972)。其他常见的修饰包括氨基酸的酰胺化(Kato和Strominger,1968)和O-乙酰化(Clarke和Dupont,1992)或者N-脱乙酰化(Araki ...

Target Gene Inactivation in Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120
Author:
Date:
2016-08-05
[Abstract]  Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 has long served as a model organism for investigating N2-fixation, photosynthesis, and various plant-type metabolic pathways and biofuel production, as well as cellular differentiation (Xu et al., 2008, Halfmann et al., 2014, Golden and Yoon, 2003). Since more than 30,000 sequenced bacterial genomes are currently available (Land et al., 2015), specific gene inactivation and analyses of the corresponding mutant’s phenotype have become powerful tools in elucidating the function of a target gene. Here we describe a protocol to inactivate a target gene in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 using a single-crossover approach. This approach requires only one-step cloning of an internal fragment of a target gene into an ... [摘要]   菌株PCC 7120长期充当用于研究N 2 - 固定,光合作用和各种植物类型代谢途径和生物燃料生产以及细胞分化的模式生物体(Xu等人,/em>。,2008,Halfmann等人,2014,Golden and Yoon,2003)。由于目前可获得超过30,000个测序的细菌基因组(Land等人,2015),特异性基因失活和相应突变体表型的分析已成为阐明靶基因功能的有力工具。在这里,我们描述了灭活anabaena sp中的靶基因的方案。 PCC 7120使用单交叉方法。该方法仅需要将靶基因的内部片段一步克隆到整合载体中以产生货物质粒。在货物质粒和鱼腥藻染色体之间的单次交换(同源重组)时,内源靶基因通过产生3'-和5'-缺失的片段而被破坏。该基因失活方案基于整合载体pZR606(Chen等人,2015),其可以广泛应用于其他蓝细菌物种以及其他原核生物中的基因失活。

Fluorescent Detection of Intracellular Nitric Oxide in Staphylococcus aureus
Author:
Date:
2016-07-20
[Abstract]  Nitric Oxide (NO) is a highly-reactive radical gas that can modify a variety of cellular targets in both eukaryotes and bacteria. NO is produced endogenously by a wide variety of organisms: For example, as a cell-signaling molecule in mammals and bacteria via nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes, and as a product of denitrification. As such, it is of great benefit to NO researchers to be able to sensitively detect intracellular NO and stable reactive nitrogen species (RNS) derived from NO. To this end, a protocol for fluorescent detection of intracellular NO/RNS in biofilm cultures of the Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus has been optimized using the commercially-available cell-permeable fluorescent stain 4-Amino-5-Methylamino-2’,7’-Difluorofluorescein Diacetate (DAF-FM ... [摘要]  一氧化氮(NO)是一种高反应性的自由基气体,其可以修饰真核生物和细菌中的多种细胞靶标。 NO由多种生物体内源性产生:例如,作为哺乳动物和细菌中的细胞信号分子,通过一氧化氮合酶(NOS)酶,以及作为脱氮的产物。因此,NO研究人员能够敏感地检测来自NO的细胞内NO和稳定的活性氮物质(RNS)是非常有益的。为此,已经使用商业上可获得的细胞可渗透的荧光染料4-氨基-5来优化用于荧光检测革兰氏阳性病原体金黄色葡萄球菌的生物膜培养物中的细胞内NO/RNS的方案 - 甲基氨基-2',7'-二氟荧光素二乙酸酯(DAF-FM二乙酸酯)。该化合物扩散到细胞中并且通过酯酶的细胞内裂解释放弱荧光DAF-FM,其与NO或其它特异性RNS反应以变成高度荧光的(Kojima等人,1999)。虽然使用荧光板读数器进行荧光的定量,但设想该方案可适用于S的细胞内NO/RNS成像。 aureus biofilms by confocal microscopy。同样,这种技术可以被优化用于检测其它生长条件(即浮游生物培养物)和/或其它细菌/古细菌中的细胞内NO/RNS。

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