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Potassium hydrogen carbonate

碳酸氢钾

Company: EMD Millipore
Catalog#: 104854
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Efficient Generation of Multi-gene Knockout Cell Lines and Patient-derived Xenografts Using Multi-colored Lenti-CRISPR-Cas9
Author:
Date:
2017-04-05
[Abstract]  CRISPR-Cas9 based knockout strategies are increasingly used to analyze gene function. However, redundancies and overlapping functions in biological signaling pathways can call for generating multi-gene knockout cells, which remains a relatively laborious process. Here we detail the application of multi-color LentiCRISPR vectors to simultaneously generate single and multiple knockouts in human cells. We provide a complete protocol, including guide RNA design, LentiCRISPR cloning, viral production and transduction, as well as strategies for sorting and screening knockout cells. The validity of the process is demonstrated by the simultaneous deletion of up to four programmed cell death mediators in leukemic cell lines and patient-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenografts, in which ... [摘要]  基于CRISPR-Cas9的敲除策略越来越多地用于分析基因功能。然而,生物信号通路中的冗余和重叠功能可能需要产生多基因敲除细胞,这仍然是一个相对费力的过程。在这里,我们详细介绍了多色LentiCRISPR载体在人体细胞中同时产生单次和多次敲除的应用。我们提供了一个完整的方案,包括指导RNA设计,LentiCRISPR克隆,病毒生产和转导,以及排序和筛选敲除细胞的策略。该过程的有效性通过同时删除白血病细胞系中多达四个程序性细胞死亡介质和来自患者来源的急性淋巴细胞白血病异种移植物,其中单细胞克隆是不可行的。该协议允许任何具有基本细胞生物学设备的实验室,生物安全2级设备和荧光激活细胞分选功能,可在一个月内有效产生单基因和多基因敲除细胞系或原代细胞。

从对细菌基因组中被称为聚簇定期交织的短回文重复(CRISPR)的遗传元件的好奇的初步观察开始(Ishino等人,1987; Mojica等人,2000 )和随后在哺乳动物细胞中的基因编辑(Cong等人,2013; Mali等人,2013),CRISPR-Cas9已经成为廉价和有效的基因编辑。随着从烟草植物细胞到斑马鱼和原代人类细胞(Hsu等人,2014)的细胞系统的成功应用,CRISPR-Cas9可以通过短的20个核苷酸RNA序列的设计来引导在大基因组内的靶向DNA双链断裂(DSB)(Park等人,2016)。 ...

Mouse Model of Reversible Intestinal Inflammation
Author:
Date:
2017-03-20
[Abstract]  Current therapies to treat inflammatory bowel disease by dampening excessive inflammatory immune responses have had limited success (Reinisch et al., 2011; Rutgeerts et al., 2005; Sandborn et al., 2012). To develop new therapeutic interventions, there is a need for better understanding of the mechanisms that are operative during mucosal healing (Pineton de Chambrun et al., 2010). To this end, a reversible model of colitis was developed in which colitis induced by adoptive transfer of naïve CD4+ CD45RBhi T cells in lymphopenic mice can be reversed through depletion of colitogenic CD4+ T cells (Brasseit et al., 2016). [摘要]  目前通过抑制过度炎症免疫应答治疗炎症性肠病的治疗方法取得了有限的成功(Reinisch等人,2011; Rutgeerts等人,2005; Sandborn等人[ et al。,2012)。为了开发新的治疗干预措施,需要更好地了解粘膜愈合期间手术的机制(Pineton de Chambrun等,2010)。为此,开发了一种可逆模型的结肠炎,其中通过淋巴细胞小鼠中过早转移原始CD4 + / CD40RB T细胞诱导的结肠炎可以通过消除结肠发生CD4 + T细胞(Brasseit等,2016)。

背景随着发展旨在重现人类疾病的动物模型,我们对肠道炎症性肠疾病(IBD)的发病机制的理解已经大大改善(Khanna等人)。 ,2014)。尽管鉴定了广泛的免疫学目标,目前的治疗方法在治疗IBD方面取得的成功有限,而且有关知识可用于建立长期缓解和相关粘膜愈合时引起的机制(D'Haens >等,,2014)。到目前为止,一个主要的限制是缺乏动物模型,其中可以在具有既定疾病的动物中可再现地诱导缓解。在感染引起肠道炎症的模型中,促炎和抗炎机制可以同时运作,这意味着在解决炎症期间解剖不同免疫途径的作用可能是一个挑战(Endt等人。 ,2010; ...

Murine Liver Myeloid Cell Isolation Protocol
Author:
Date:
2015-05-20
[Abstract]  In homeostasis, the liver is critical for the metabolism of nutrients including sugars, lipids, proteins and iron, for the clearance of toxins, and to induce immune tolerance to gut-derived antigens. These functions predispose the liver to infection by blood-borne pathogens, and to a variety of diseases ranging from toxin and medication-induced disorders (CCl4, acetaminophen) to metabolic disorders (steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, biliary obstruction, cholestasis) or autoimmunity. Chronic liver injury often progresses to life threatening fibrosis and can end in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (Pellicoro et al., 2014).

The liver contains parenchymal cells or hepatocytes that make up the majority of hepatic cells. It also contains ...
[摘要]  在内环境稳定中,肝脏对于营养物质(包括糖,脂质,蛋白质和铁)的代谢是关键的,用于清除毒素,并诱导对肠衍生的抗原的免疫耐受。这些功能使肝脏感染由血源性病原体引起的感染,并且导致各种疾病,从毒素和药物诱导的疾病(CC​​l 4,对乙酰氨基酚)到代谢性疾病(脂肪性肝炎,酒精性肝病,胆汁阻塞,胆汁淤积)或自身免疫。慢性肝损伤常常进展为威胁生命的纤维化,并且可以在肝硬化和肝细胞癌中结束(Pellicoro等人,2014)。
肝脏含有构成肝细胞大部分的实质细胞或肝细胞。它还含有非实质结构细胞,例如窦状内皮细胞和大量非实质的先天免疫细胞,主要是单核细胞,嗜中性粒细胞,巨噬细胞,DC,NK和NKT细胞,其在感染的情况下可触发适应性免疫应答或其他致病性侮辱(Jenne和Kubes,2013)。如何调节这种免疫应答决定了急性和慢性肝损伤的程度(Stijlemans等人,2014)。在这种情况下,肝巨噬细胞已经被证明在肝损伤中发挥中心但发散(从启动到分解)功能。(Sica等人,2014)。在过去几年中已经变得清楚的是,肝巨噬细胞由两类,组织驻留巨噬细胞,源自卵黄囊/胎儿肝祖细胞的库普弗细胞(KC)和来源于骨髓衍生的Ly6C的组织浸润巨噬细胞Hi 单核细胞(Jinhoux和Jung,2014; ...

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