| In vivo Tumor Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis Assays Using A549 Lung Cancer Cells
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Author:
Date:
2020-04-05
[Abstract] Metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer related deaths. The genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models and cell line-based subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse xenografts have been developed to study the metastatic process. By using lung cancer cell line A549 as an example, we present a modified protocol to establish the cell line-based xenograft. Our protocol ensures sufficient establishment of the mouse xenografts and allows us to monitor tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis. This protocol could be adapted to other types of established cancer cell lines or primary cancer cells to study the mechanism of metastatic process as well as to test the effect of the potential anti-cancer agents on tumor growth and metastatic capacity.
[摘要] [摘要 ] 中号etastasis应收大多数癌症相关死亡。已经开发了基因工程小鼠（GEM）模型以及基于细胞系的皮下和原位小鼠异种移植物，以研究转移过程。以肺癌细胞系A549为例，我们提出了一种改进的方案来建立基于细胞系的异种移植物。我们的协议可确保小鼠异种移植物的充分建立，并允许我们监测肿瘤的生长和自发转移。该方案可适用于其他类型的已建立癌细胞系或原发性癌细胞，以研究转移过程的机制以及测试潜在抗癌药对肿瘤生长和转移能力的影响。
[背景 ] 的5年生存率速率为患者与晚期阶段肺癌症是少大于15％时，与在大多数的患者死于从转移性疾病（斯特和恩格尔曼，2012 ; 惠特塞特，等人，2013 ; D'安东尼奥等人。，2014 ; Steeg的，2016） 。因此，使用鼠标模型来调查的机制的肺肿瘤侵袭和转移可能促进了发展的新的战略来控制的转移过程。
转移是一个多步骤过程是包括本地侵袭，血管内，并且生存在的循环，外渗，一个d建立macrometastasis 在遥远的站点。小鼠异种移植和基因工程小鼠（GEM）模型均已用于研究肺癌转移。GEM模型模仿了人类肺癌的遗传标记，例如TP53 ，K- ras 和LKB1，为研究转移过程的机制以及研究新型抗癌剂如何影响转移过程提供了免疫系统（Dutt和Wong ，2006年）。 ； Zheng ...
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| Isolation and Culture of Neurospheres for the Study of Pathogenesis of Prion Disease
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Author:
Date:
2014-03-20
[Abstract] Neurosphere contains neural stem cells that are capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes (Gage, 2000). Cell culture model using differentiated neurosphere cultures are suggested to be a valuable tool for studying the pathogenesis of prion disease at the cellular level (Iwamaru et al., 2013). This protocol describes the procedure for a culture of whole brain-derived neurospheres from newborn mouse brains. Neurosphere formation steadily occurs within a week from the cultures of neonatal whole brains and these cells have stem cell properties.
[摘要] 神经球包含能够自我更新和多向分化的神经干细胞，包括神经元，星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞（Gage，2000）。 使用分化的神经球培养物的细胞培养模型被认为是用于研究朊病毒疾病在细胞水平的发病机制的有价值的工具（Iwamaru等人，2013）。 该协议描述了来自新生小鼠脑的全脑衍生的神经球的培养的程序。 神经球形成稳定地发生在新生儿全脑的培养物的一周内，并且这些细胞具有干细胞特性。
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| Neural Stem Cell Differentiation and Prion Infection
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Author:
Date:
2014-03-20
[Abstract] Prion diseases are transmissible, fatal, neurodegenerative diseases in human and animals. The molecular basis of neurodegeneration in prion diseases is largely unclear. Developing a cellular model capable of monitoring prion-induced cytotoxicity would be a promising approach for better understanding the prion pathogenesis. One candidate cellular assay is a model based on neurospheres, which contains neural stem cells (NSCs). Both undifferentiated and differentiated NSCs have been demonstrated to be permissive to prion infection, and prion-induced cytopathic changes in differentiated neruosphere cultures were reported (Iwamaru et al., 2013). This protocol describes the procedure to induce differentiation of NSCs from transgenic mice overexpressing prion protein (tga20 mice) into ...
[摘要] 朊病毒疾病是人类和动物中可传播的，致命的，神经变性疾病。 朊病毒疾病中神经变性的分子基础很大程度上不清楚。 开发能够监测朊病毒诱导的细胞毒性的细胞模型将是更好地理解朊病毒发病机制的有前途的方法。 一种候选细胞测定是基于神经球的模型，其含有神经干细胞（NSC）。 未分化和分化的NSCs都被证明是容许朊病毒感染，并且报道了分化的神经球培养物中的朊病毒诱导的细胞病变变化（Iwamaru等人，2013）。 该协议描述了诱导NSCs从过度表达朊病毒蛋白（tga20小鼠）的转基因小鼠分化成易感染朊病毒感染的培养物的过程。
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