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Thiamine Hydrochloride

盐酸硫胺素

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: T4625
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Preparation and Purification of Proteins Secreted from Phytophthora sojae
Author:
Date:
2018-10-20
[Abstract]  Phytophthora sojae, the causal agent of soybean root and stem rot, is responsible for enormous economic losses in soybean production. P. sojae secrets various effectors to reprogram host immunity. The plant apoplastic space is a major battleground in plant-pathogen interactions. Here we describe a protocol for purification and isolation of secreted proteins from P. sojae, including precipitation of secreted proteins from P. sojae culture filtrate, chromatographic purification of the secreted proteins and analysis of the proteins by Mass spectrometry. With this protocol, it will be easier to identify potential apoplastic effectors in Phytophthora and will benefit our understanding of plant-microbe interactions. [摘要]  大豆根和茎腐病的致病因子大豆疫霉(Phytophthora sojae)是造成大豆生产的巨大经济损失的原因。 P上。 sojae >秘密各种效应器重新编程宿主免疫力。植物质外体空间是植物 - 病原体相互作用的主要战场。在这里,我们描述了从 P中纯化和分离分泌蛋白的方案。 sojae >,包括来自 P的分泌蛋白的沉淀。 sojae >培养滤液,分泌蛋白的色谱纯化和质谱分析蛋白质。通过该协议,可以更容易地鉴定 Phytophthora >中潜在的质外体效应物,并有助于我们对植物 - 微生物相互作用的理解。

【背景】从 Phytophthora >物种中分泌的蛋白质的纯化对于理解 Phytophthora >发病机理至关重要。过去,V8果汁和植物(番茄和利马豆)果汁培养基已用于培养 Phytophthora >,培养物过滤后用于分析 Phytophthora >分泌的蛋白质。这些方案的缺点是培养基含有大量的植物蛋白,它们代表了大部分检测到的蛋白质。在该方案中,我们使用了不含任何蛋白质的合成液体培养基。该培养基显着降低了 Phytophthora >培养滤液的背景。此外,利用凝胶过滤脱盐和筛分柱代替离子交换柱,可以有效和大规模纯化 Phytophthora >分泌的蛋白质。

In vivo and in vitro 31P-NMR Study of the Phosphate Transport and Polyphosphate Metabolism in Hebeloma cylindrosporum in Response to Plant Roots Signals
Author:
Date:
2018-08-20
[Abstract]  We used in vivo and in vitro phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy to follow the change in transport, compartmentation and metabolism of phosphate in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum in response to root signals originating from host (Pinus pinaster) or non-host (Zea mays) plants. A device was developed for the in vivo studies allowing the circulation of a continuously oxygenated mineral solution in an NMR tube containing the mycelia. The in vitro studies were performed on fungal material after several consecutive treatment steps (freezing in liquid nitrogen; crushing with perchloric acid; elimination of perchloric acid; freeze-drying; dissolution in an appropriate liquid ... [摘要]  我们使用体内和体外磷-31核磁共振( 31 P-NMR)光谱来跟踪运输,分区和 外生菌根真菌 Hebeloma cylindrosporum 中的磷酸盐代谢响应来自宿主( Pinus pinaster )或非宿主( Zea mays )的根信号植物。 开发了一种用于体内研究的装置,其允许连续氧化的矿物质溶液在含有菌丝体的NMR管中循环。 在几个连续的处理步骤(在液氮中冷冻;用高氯酸压碎;消除高氯酸;冷冻干燥;在适当的液体培养基中溶解)后,对真菌材料进行体外研究。

【背景】 菌根真菌和植物之间的关联改善了宿主植物的P营养(Smith和Read,2008; Plassard和Dell,2010; Cairney,2011; Smith 等人,,2015)。这种积极效应主要归因于真菌菌丝对磷酸盐(Pi)的吸收,探测了在活跃吸收根周围的耗竭区以外的大量土壤(Smith和Read,2008; Cairney,2011; Smith et al。< em="">,2015)和真菌细胞分泌细胞外磷酸酶(Quiquampoix和Mousain,2005)。吸收的Pi部分地掺入磷酸化的代谢物,磷脂和核酸中,并且部分地浓缩成多磷酸盐(PolyP),其中它们构成液泡中的储存池(Ashford 等人,,1994)。该协议详述了一种装置,该装置允许通过 31 ...

Induction of Natural Competence in Genetically-modified Lactococcus lactis
Author:
Date:
2018-07-05
[Abstract]  Natural competence can be activated in Lactoccocus lactis subsp lactis and cremoris upon overexpression of ComX, a master regulator of bacterial competence. Herein, we demonstrate a method to activate bacterial competence by regulating the expression of the comX gene by using a nisin-inducible promoter in an L. lactis strain harboring either a chromosomal or plasmid-encoded copy of nisRK. Addition of moderate concentrations of the inducer nisin resulted in concomitant moderate levels of ComX, which led to an optimal transformation rate (1.0 x 10-6 transformants/total cell number/g plasmid DNA). Here, a detailed description of the optimized protocol for competence induction is presented. [摘要]  在过度表达细菌能力的主要调节因子ComX后,天然能力可以在乳酸乳球菌亚种乳酸和 cremoris 中激活。 在本文中,我们展示了通过在 L中使用乳链菌肽诱导型启动子调节 comX 基因的表达来激活细菌能力的方法。 含有 nisRK 的染色体或质粒编码拷贝的lactis 菌株。 加入中等浓度的诱导剂乳链菌肽导致伴随的中等水平的ComX,其导致最佳转化率(1.0×10 2 sup / -6>转化子/总细胞数/ g质粒DNA)。 在此,提出了用于能力归纳的优化协议的详细描述。

【背景】自然能力是细菌通过专门的摄取机制获得外源DNA的过程,之后内化的DNA整合到其基因组中或作为质粒DNA维持。一些细菌在特定的环境触发因素如基因毒性应激或饥饿时进入能力状态(Seitz和Blokesch,2013; Blokesch,2016)。群体感应系统,如 comCDE 或 comRS ,控制着革兰氏阳性菌的自然能力的激活(Håvarstein et al。,1995; Pestova et al。,1996; Kleerebezem et al。,1997b; Fontaine et al。,2015)。更具体地说, comC 和 comS 编码信息素,而 comD 编码组氨酸激酶和 comE 和 comR 编码响应调节器(Håvarstein et al。,1995; ...

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