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KCl

氯化钾

Company: NACALAI TESQUE
Catalog#: 28514-75
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Live Cell FRET Analysis of the Conformational Changes of Human P-glycoprotein
Author:
Date:
2021-02-20
[Abstract]  

The molecular mechanisms of P-glycoprotein (P-gp; also known as MDR1 or ABCB1) have been mainly investigated using artificial membranes such as lipid-detergent mixed micelles, artificial lipid bilayers, and membrane vesicles derived from cultured cells. Although these in vitro experiments help illustrate details about the molecular mechanisms of P-gp, they do not reflect physiological membrane environments in terms of lateral pressure, curvature, constituent lipid species, etc. The protocol presented here includes a detailed guide for analyzing the conformational change of human P-gp in living HEK293 cells by using intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), in which excitation of the donor fluorophore is transferred to the acceptor without emission of a photon when two

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[摘要]  [摘要] P-糖蛋白(P-gp;也称为MDR1或ABCB1)的分子机制已主要使用人造膜进行研究,例如脂质去污剂混合胶束,人造脂质双层和源自培养细胞的膜囊泡。尽管这些体外实验有助于阐明有关P-gp分子机制的细节,但它们在侧向压力,曲率,脂质成分等方面并未反映出生理膜环境。 此处提供的协议包括一个详细的指南,该指南用于通过使用分子内荧光共振能量转移(FRET)分析活HEK293细胞中人P-gp的构象变化,其中供体荧光团的激发被转移到受体上而不发射光子当两个荧光蛋白非常接近时。将FRET分析与膜通透性相结合,可以在活细胞中评估小分子(如核苷酸)对构象变化的贡献。

[背景] P-糖蛋白(P-gp)的是ATP驱动药转运该压出各种疏水有毒化合物到细胞外空间。P-gp由形成底物转运途径的两个跨膜结构域(TMD)和结合并水解ATP的两个核苷酸结合结构域(NBD)组成。传输至少需要两个P-gp状态。在向内(药物转运前)构型中,两个NBD分开,两个TMD向细胞内侧开放;在向外(药物转运)构象中,NBD是二聚体的,而TMD在细胞外侧略微开放(Kodan et al。,2020 )。自从发现P-gp (Juliano和Ling,1976; Chen等,1986; Ueda等,1986 ...

Plate Assay to Determine Caenorhabditis elegans Response to Water Soluble and Volatile Chemicals
Author:
Date:
2018-02-20
[Abstract]  The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is widely used for behavioral studies ranging from simple chemosensation to associative learning and memory. It is vital for such studies to determine optimal concentrations of attractive and aversive chemicals that C. elegans can sense. Here we describe a resource localization assay in which a chemical compound of interest is placed in two compartments of a quadrant plate in order to determine optimal concentrations of the chemical in behavioral studies. Using the assay, we determined the optimal concentration of a water-soluble attractant, KCl, as an unconditioned stimulus for the study of associative learning and memory. In this protocol, we also describe a chemotaxis assay using a square agar plate spotted with an aversive ... [摘要]  线虫<秀秀隐杆线虫广泛用于从简单的化学感应到联想学习和记忆的行为研究。 这些研究对于确定吸引和厌恶化学物质的最佳浓度至关重要。="" 线虫可以感觉到。="" 在这里我们描述了一种资源定位测定法,其中将感兴趣的化学化合物置于象限板的两个隔室中以确定化学品在行为研究中的最佳浓度。="" 使用该测定,我们确定了水溶性引诱剂kcl的最佳浓度,作为研究关联学习和记忆的无条件刺激。="">

【背景】线虫线虫广泛用作动物行为研究的模式生物。 ℃。秀丽隐杆线虫感知主要由最大的化学感受器官(Ward,1973; Dusenbery,1974; Bargmann和Horvitz,1991; Bargmann等人)等介导的各种水溶性和挥发性化学物质。 1993)。行为研究必须确定可以被感知的化学物质的精确浓度。线虫。为了确定用于C的水溶性引诱剂的最佳浓度。线虫,Wicks等人(2000)使用象限琼脂平板进行行为测定,其中感兴趣的化学物质与琼脂在两个隔室中混合,并且该测定已广泛用于许多化学品(例如Jansen等人,2002; Ortiz等人,2009; Murayama和Maruyama,2013; Sassa&lt; em&gt; et al。,2013)。趋化性分析也被用于测量C的敏感性。 ...

In vitro RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Assay Using Arabidopsis RDR6
Author:
Date:
2018-01-05
[Abstract]  RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) in eukaryotes convert single-stranded RNAs into double-stranded RNAs, thereby amplifying small interfering RNAs that play crucial roles in the regulation of development, maintenance of genome integrity and antiviral immunity. Here, we describe a method of in vitro RdRP assay using recombinant Arabidopsis RDR6 prepared by an insect expression system. By using this classical biochemical assay, we revealed that RDR6 has a strong template preference for RNAs lacking a poly(A) tail. This simple method will be applicable to other RdRPs in Arabidopsis and different organisms. [摘要]  真核生物中的RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶(RdRP)将单链RNA转化为双链RNA,从而扩增在调节发育,维持基因组完整性和抗病毒免疫方面起关键作用的小干扰RNA。 在此,我们描述了使用通过昆虫表达系统制备的重组拟南芥RDR6的体外RdRP测定的方法。 通过使用这种经典的生物化学分析,我们发现RDR6有一个强大的模板偏好RNAs缺乏poly(A)尾巴。 这个简单的方法将适用于拟南芥属和其他生物体中的其他RdRPs。

【背景】已经在所有真核生物王国 - 植物,真菌,原生动物和动物中发现RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶(RdRP)基因(Zong等人,2009)。它们将单链RNA(ssRNA)转化为双链RNA(dsRNA),从而扩增在各种生物过程中发挥关键作用的小干扰RNA(siRNA),包括调节发育(Peragine等人, ,2004; Li等人,2005),维持基因组完整性(Volpe等人,2002; Xie等人,2004年, )和抗病毒免疫性(Mourrain等人,2000; Yu等人,2003; Garcia-Ruiz等人,2010; Wang ,2010)。除了这种RdRP活性之外,RdRP还具有称为末端核苷酸转移酶(TNTase)活性的另一种酶活性(Curaba和Chen,2008; ...

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