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十二烷基硫酸钠

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: 71729
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Super-resolution Imaging of the T cell Central Supramolecular Signaling Cluster Using Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy
Author:
Date:
2020-11-05
[Abstract]  

Supramolecular signaling assemblies are of interest for their unique signaling properties. A µm scale signaling assembly, the central supramolecular signaling cluster (cSMAC), forms at the center interface of T cells activated by antigen presenting cells (APC). The adaptor protein linker for activation of T cells (LAT) is a key cSMAC component. The cSMAC has widely been studied using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy of CD4+ T cells activated by planar APC substitutes. Here we provide a protocol to image the cSMAC in its cellular context at the interface between a T cell and an APC. Super resolution stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED) was utilized to determine the localization of LAT, that of its active, phosphorylated form and its entire pool. Agonist

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[摘要]  [摘要]超分子信号组装体因其独特的信号传导特性而受到关注。在抗原呈递细胞(APC)激活的T细胞的中心界面处形成一个微米级的信号传导组件,即中央超分子信号簇(cSMAC )。用于激活T细胞(LAT)的衔接子蛋白接头是关键的cSMAC组件。所述CSMAC已被广泛使用的CD4全内反射荧光显微镜研究+由平面APC替代活化的T细胞。在这里,我们提供了一种协议,可以在T细胞和APC之间的接口在其细胞上下文中成像cSMAC 。超分辨率激发发射耗尽显微镜(STED)用于确定LA T的定位,其活性,磷酸化形式及其整个池的位置。在固定和抗体染色之前,将载有激动剂肽的APC与TCR转基因CD4 + T细胞孵育4.5分钟。固定的细胞对在Leica SP8 AOBS共聚焦激光扫描显微镜上使用100x 1.4 NA物镜成像。LAT聚集在多个超分子复合物中,并确定了它们的数量和大小分布。使用此协议,可以量化在T细胞和APC之间的界面在其细胞环境中的cSMAC属性。

[背景] ...

Analysis of 3D Cellular Organization of Fixed Plant Tissues Using a User-guided Platform for Image Segmentation
Author:
Date:
2017-06-20
[Abstract]  The advent of non-invasive, high-resolution microscopy imaging techniques and computational pipelines for high-throughput image processing has contributed to gain insights in plant organ morphogenesis at the cellular level. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) allows the generation of three dimensional images constituted of serial optical sections reporting on stained subcellular structures. Fluorescent labels of cell walls or cell membranes, either chemically or through reporter proteins, are particularly useful for the analyses of tissue organization and cellular shapes in 3D. Image segmentation based on cell boundary signals is used as an input to generate 3D-segments representing cells. These digitalized, 3D objects provide quantitative data on cell shape, size, geometry, ... [摘要]  非侵入性,高分辨率显微镜成像技术和高通量图像处理计算管道的出现有助于在细胞水平上获得植物器官形态发生的见解。共焦扫描激光显微镜(CSLM)允许产生由串联光学部件组成的三维图像,其报告染色的亚细胞结构。细胞壁或细胞膜的化学或通过报告蛋白的荧光标记对于3D中组织组织和细胞形状的分析特别有用。基于单元边界信号的图像分割被用作生成表示单元的3D段的输入。如果使用其他记录器,这些数字化3D对象提供有关细胞形状,大小,几何形状,位置或(细胞间)强度信号的定量数据。在这里,我们报告使用微观数据的图像分割的详细的注释工作流程。我们在拟南芥胚珠原基发育过程中对组织图案进行了研究。使用修改的假希夫碘化丙啶(mPS-PI)协议将整个心皮染色为细胞​​边界,通过CSLM以高分辨率获得3D图像,使用ImarisCell对单个细胞类型进行分段和注释。这允许与组织动力学研究相关的细胞形状和细胞数量的定量分析。
【背景】植物器官和组织动力学研究依赖于沿着发育进程的三维生长过程的分析。细胞数量,细胞大小和细胞形态的演变允许分别解释增殖,细胞扩增和各向异性的事件(Roeder等,2011; Barbier de Reuille等,2015; Bassel和Smith,2016; Coen和Rebocho, ...

Protein Expression Protocol for an Adenylate Cyclase Anchored by a Vibrio Quorum Sensing Receptor
Author:
Date:
2017-01-20
[Abstract]  The direct regulation of a mycobacterial adenylate cyclase (Rv1625c) via exchange of its membrane anchor by the quorum sensing receptor CqsS (Vibrio harveyi) has recently been reported (Beltz et al., 2016). This protocol describes the expression and membrane preparation for these chimeric proteins. [摘要]  最近报道了通过其群岛感应受体CqsS(Vibrio harveyi)交换其膜锚定点直接调节分枝杆菌腺苷酸环化酶(Rv1625c)(Beltz等,2016)。 该方案描述了这些嵌合蛋白的表达和膜制备。
【背景】膜分隔的哺乳动物腺苷酸环化酶(AC)是IIIa类AC。调节是间接通过第一信使细胞外刺激G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)而在细胞内释放的刺激(或抑制性)Gα-蛋白。 AC产生使用ATP作为底物的通用第二信使cAMP。脊椎动物AC中两个六角膜结构域的大小远远超过了对简单膜锚固的要求。然而,这种内在的膜锚定/受体结构域的调节特征是未知的。为了研究潜在的功能,选择了可以容易地在细菌中表达的分类细菌的典型类IIIa AC Rv1625c(Guo等人,2001和2005)与哺乳动物AC同工型相反。我们用来自哈维氏弧菌CqsS的六价体积感知(QS)受体的受体结构域取代了Rv1625c AC的六角膜锚,以检查我们是否可以通过QS配体的霍乱自动诱导剂直接调节AC -1',CAI-1。 QS受体和IIIa类膜锚的设计是非常相似的,即最小的跨膜α-螺旋和极短的连接环。
我们已经证明了通过细胞外信号直接调节IIIa ...

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