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Bromophenol blue

溴酚蓝钠盐

Company: Carl Roth
Catalog#: A512.1
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Production, Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Biotinylated Phytochrome B for Extracellular Optogenetics
Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract]  In the field of extracellular optogenetics, photoreceptors are applied outside of cells to obtain systems with a desired functionality. Among the diverse applied photoreceptors, phytochromes are the only ones that can be actively and reversibly switched between the active and inactive photostate by the illumination with cell-compatible red and far-red light. In this protocol, we describe the production of a biotinylated variant of the photosensory domain of A. thaliana phytochrome B (PhyB-AviTag) in E. coli with a single, optimized expression plasmid. We give detailed instructions for the purification of the protein by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and the characterization of the protein in terms of purity, biotinylation, spectral photoswitching and the ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 在细胞外光遗传学领域,光感受器被应用于细胞外,以获得具有所需功能的系统。在各种应用的感光体中,植物色素是唯一可以通过与细胞相容的红色和远红外光照射而在活性和非活性光态之间主动和可逆地切换的色素。在此协议中,我们描述了在大肠杆菌中拟南芥光敏色素B(PhyB-AviTag )的光敏域的生物素化变体的生产。 带有一个优化的表达质粒。我们给出了通过固定的金属亲和色谱法纯化蛋白质的详细说明,并根据纯度,生物素化,光谱光开关以及与它的相互作用伴侣PIF6的光依赖性相互作用对蛋白质进行了表征。与以前使用PhyB-AviTag 进行的研究相比,此方案中使用的优化表达质粒简化了生产过程,并显示出更高的产量和纯度。

[背景 ] 在新兴的细胞外光遗传学领域,光感受器被应用于细胞外,例如,以控制生物功能或设计光响应性生物材料(Leung 等,2008;Zhang 等,2015;Chen and Wegner ,2017 ; Lyu 等人,2017 ; Wang 等人,2017 ; Bartelt 等人,2018 ; Beyer 等人,2018a ; Beyer 等人,2018b ; Jia 等人,2018 ; Kolar 等人, 2018 ; Liu 等人,2018 ; Wu 等人,2018 ; Baaske 等人,2019 ; Gil 等人,2019 ; H?rner ...

TGFβ Stimulation Assay
Author:
Date:
2014-12-05
[Abstract]  TGFβ is part of a growth factor superfamily which modulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, migration, ECM synthesis and apoptosis (Massague, 1998; Siegel and Massague, 2003). Free TGFβ binds to its high affinity TGFβ receptor, a receptor serine/threonine kinase, inducing phosphorylation of Smad2/3 which subsequently forms a complex with Smad4 to translocate to the nucleus where it interacts with multiple co-activators and repressors generating distinct transcriptional responses.

Indeed, TGFβ signaling shows a remarkable cellular context dependency and apparent multifunctionality: e.g. TGFβ is able to inhibit cell proliferation in many epithelial cells but can also enhance proliferation in fibroblasts and cell growth in endothelial cells (Guasch et al., ...
[摘要]  TGFβ是调节细胞生长,分化,粘附,迁移,ECM合成和凋亡的生长因子超家族的一部分(Massague,1998; Siegel和Massague,2003)。游离TGFβ结合到其高亲和力TGFβ受体,一种受体丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,诱导Smad2/3的磷酸化,随后与Smad4形成复合物转移到细胞核,其中它与多种共激活剂和阻遏物相互作用产生不同的转录反应。实际上,TGFβ信号传导显示出显着的细胞环境依赖性和表观多功能性:例如TGFβ能够抑制许多上皮细胞中的细胞增殖,但也可以增强成纤维细胞中的增殖和内皮细胞中的细胞生长(Guasch等人,2007; Xiao等人,2012年);它增强干细胞多能性,但促进其他细胞的分化(Park,2011);在癌症发展中,它抑制恶变前细胞增殖,但同时促进转移到转移表型(Chaudhury和Howe,2009)。
TGFβ刺激测定监测细胞对TGFβ的反应性。在TGFβ刺激时,可以分析短期效应例如Smad2磷酸化和长期效应例如细胞增殖。将描述用于小鼠角质形成细胞的测定,其中TGFβ强烈抑制细胞增殖,但是这两种测定也适用于其它细胞类型。

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