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α-Actin

在小鼠中产生的单克隆抗-β-肌动蛋白抗体

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: A5441
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Lentiviral Knockdown of Transcription Factor STAT1 in Peromyscus leucopus to Assess Its Role in the Restriction of Tick-borne Flaviviruses
Author:
Date:
2017-12-05
[Abstract]  Cellular infection with tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFVs) results in activation of the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway and subsequent upregulation of numerous genes termed IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) (Schoggins et al., 2011). Many ISGs function to prevent virus pathogenesis by acting in a broad or specific manner through protein-protein interactions (Duggal and Emerman, 2012). The potency of the IFN signaling response determines the outcome of TBFV infection (Best, 2017; Carletti et al., 2017). Interestingly, data from our lab show that TBFV replication is significantly restricted in cells of the reservoir species Peromyscus leucopus thereby suggesting a potent antiviral response (Izuogu et al., 2017). We assessed the relative contribution of IFN ... [摘要]  蜱传黄热病病毒(TBFV)的细胞感染导致干扰素(IFN)信号传导途径的激活和随后称为IFN刺激基因(ISG)(Schoggins等人,2011)的众多基因的上调。许多ISG通过蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用以广泛或特定的方式起作用来防止病毒发病(Duggal和Emerman,2012)。 IFN信号反应的效力决定了TBFV感染的结果(Best,2016; Carletti等人,2017)。有趣的是,我们实验室的数据显示TBFV复制在储库物种Peromyscus leucopus的细胞中显着受到限制,从而表明有效的抗病毒应答(Izuogu等人,2017)。我们评估干扰素信号对抗性的相对贡献。通过敲低IFN反应途径中的主要转录因子来抑制白血病。信号转导和转录激活因子1(STAT1)是专门针对在P。 leucopus细胞通过shRNA技术。我们进一步测试了基因敲低对细胞对IFN反应和限制病毒复制的能力的影响;结果表明当STAT1表达被改变时,leucopus细胞对IFN刺激的反应降低,并且对TBFV复制显着更敏感。

【背景】IFN信号是抵抗侵入宿主细胞的黄病毒的第一道防线(Robertson等人,2009; Lazear和Diamond,2015)。通过模式识别受体(PRR)检测与病毒颗粒相关的分子标记,然后通过转录因子引发下游信号从细胞释放1型IFN(Kawai ...

Assay to Evaluate BAL Fluid Regulation of Fibroblast α-SMA Expression
Author:
Date:
2016-11-20
[Abstract]  Because transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1) induces differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, we developed a protocol to evaluate alveolar macrophage-derived TGF-β1 regulation of lung fibroblast differentiation (Larson-Casey et al., 2016). The protocol evaluates the ability of mouse bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid to alter fibroblast differentiation. Fibroblast differentiation was measured by the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). [摘要]  因为转化生长因子-β(TGF-β1)诱导成纤维细胞分化成肌成纤维细胞,我们开发了评价肺泡巨噬细胞衍生的TGF-β1调节肺成纤维细胞分化的方案(Larson-Casey等人)。 ,2016)。该方案评价小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BAL)流体改变成纤维细胞分化的能力。通过α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达测量成纤维细胞分化。

[背景] 肺泡巨噬细胞通过增加肺纤维化发展起到不可或缺的作用TGF-β1的表达(He等人,2011)。我们的先前数据表明,肺泡巨噬细胞是TGF-β1的关键来源,因为在巨噬细胞中具有条件缺失的TGF-β1的小鼠被保护免于肺纤维化(Larson-Casey等人,2016)。 α-SMA的表达是肌成纤维细胞的定义特征,并且TGF-β1是良好表征的促纤维化介质,其在体外诱导成纤维细胞向肌成纤维细胞的转化(Desmoulière等人。,1993)和 in vivo (Sime等人,1997)。先前的研究将成纤维细胞暴露于重组TGF-β1以显示其对分化和功能的作用(Horowitz等人,2007)。在这里,我们开发了一个协议,确定小鼠BAL液的能力改变人类肺成纤维细胞分化成肌纤维母细胞,细胞外基质蛋白的细胞。

Biochemical Analysis of Caspase-8-dependent Proteolysis of IRF3 in Virus-infected Cells
Author:
Date:
2016-11-20
[Abstract]  Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a transcription factor, which is critical for the antiviral response against a wide range of viruses (Hiscott, 2007; Ikushima et al., 2013). It gets activated in virus-infected cells via Toll like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene 1) like receptors (RLRs), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) – stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which are sensors of viral components in the cells (Chattopadhyay and Sen, 2014a; 2014b; Hiscott, 2007). IRF3 is a cytoplasmic protein, upon activation by virally activated sensors it gets phosphorylated, translocated to the nucleus and binds to the interferon-sensitive response element (ISRE) of the gene promoters to induce their transcription (Hiscott, 2007). IRF3 has other functions, including ... [摘要]  干扰素调节因子3(IRF3)是一种转录因子,对于广泛病毒的抗病毒反应至关重要(Hiscott,2007; Ikushima等,2013)。通过Toll样受体(TLR),RIG-I(视黄酸诱导型基因1)受体(RLR),环状GMP-AMP合成酶(cGAS) - 干扰素基因刺激剂(STING),其在病毒感染的细胞中被激活,其中是细胞中病毒组分的传感器(Chattopadhyay和Sen,2014a; 2014b; Hiscott,2007)。 IRF3是一种细胞质蛋白,当被病毒激活的传感器激活时,其被磷酸化,转移到细胞核并与基因启动子的干扰素敏感反应元件(ISRE)结合以诱导其转录(Hiscott,2007)。 IRF3具有其他功能,包括直接刺激病毒感染细胞凋亡。在该途径中,不需要IRF3的转录活性(Chattopadhyay等,2013b; Chattopadhyay等,2016; Chattopadhyay等,2010; Chattopadhyay和Sen,2010; Chattopadhyay等,2011)。这些途径受宿主因素以及病毒的负调控。我们的研究表明IRF3可以通过caspase-8依赖性切割进行蛋白水解加工(Sears等,2011)。 ...

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