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Anti-Rabbit IgG (whole molecule)–Alkaline Phosphatase antibody produced in goat

抗兔IgG(全分子) - 在山羊中产生的碱性磷酸酶抗体

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: A3687
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Infection of Nicotiana benthamiana Plants with Potato Virus X (PVX)
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Date:
2016-12-20
[Abstract]  Potato Virus X (PVX) is the type member of Potexvirus genus, a group of plant viruses with a positive-strand RNA genome (~6.4 kb). PVX is able to establish compatible infections in Nicotiana benthamiana, a commonly used host in plant virology, leading to mild symptoms, such as chlorotic mosaic and mottling. PVX has been widely used as a viral vector for more than two decades (Chapman et al., 1992; Baulcombe et al., 1995; Aguilar et al., 2015). It provides a feasible means for the systemic expression in plants of heterologous proteins, such as avirulence factors, proteins with pharmacological properties, etc., (Hammond-Kosack et al., 1995; Gleba et al., 2014), and also as a tool to help decipher the function ... [摘要]  马铃薯病毒X(PVX)是Potexvirus属(一组具有正链RNA基因组(〜6.4kb)的植物病毒)的类型成员。 PVX能够在烟草烟草(Nicotiana benthamiana)中建立相容的感染,这是常用于植物病毒学的宿主,导致轻度症状,如褪色马赛克和斑驳。 PVX已经被广泛用作病毒载体二十多年(Chapman等人,1992; Baulcombe等人,1995; Aguilar等人。它为异源蛋白质植物中的全身表达提供了可行的手段,例如无毒性因子,具有药理学性质的蛋白质,等等(Hammond-Kosack等人, 1995; Gleba等人,2014),并且还作为通过病毒诱导的基因沉默(VACS)(Lacomme和Chapman,2008)帮助解释植物中基因功能的工具。摩擦(A)和农用过滤(B)的两种不同的方案,即允许PVX在N中的有效乘法和传播。本文详细描述本文。摩擦方法需要先前感染的液体,并且通过诱导对叶组织的机械损伤来实现感染,从而允许病毒颗粒穿透植物表面。农杆菌过滤需要先前修饰的农杆菌携带并将PVX序列递送到植物细胞中。将土壤杆菌生长直至饱和,并用注射器将其浸入植物组织中建立感染。这两种方法中的任何一种都可以成功应用,选择应主要基于材料和时间的可用性,但建议在使用嵌合病毒时使用农杆菌滤过。

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Cyclic Nucleotide (cAMP and cGMP) Assays and Capture ELISA for Quantitative Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum Blood-stage Egress
Author:
Date:
2014-03-05
[Abstract]  Upon rupture of Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) schizonts in vitro (an event known as egress), merozoites are released into the culture medium. The merozoites invade fresh red blood cells, a process that involves shedding of a microneme protein called apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) from the merozoite surface. This shedding, which takes place even in the absence of invasion, is therefore a surrogate marker for the degree of egress taking place in a culture, and can be measured using a specific capture ELISA to quantify AMA1 levels in culture supernatants (Collins et al., 2013). The assay uses a monoclonal antibody specific for AMA1 (called 4G2dc1) (Kocken et al., 1998; Collins et al., 2009) to capture and immobilize the protein ... [摘要]  在体外破裂镰状疟原虫(恶性疟原虫)裂殖体(一种称为外出的事件)时,裂殖子释放到培养基中。裂殖子侵入新鲜的红细胞,该过程涉及从裂殖子表面脱落称为顶膜抗原-1(AMA1)的微米蛋白蛋白质。因此,即使在不存在侵袭的情况下发生的脱落也是培养物中出现的出口程度的替代标记,并且可以使用特异性捕获ELISA来测量,以定量培养物上清液中的AMA1水平(Collins, et al。,2013)。该测定使用特异于AMA1的单克隆抗体(称为4G2dc1)(Kocken等人,1998; Collins等人,2009),以捕获和固定来自培养物的蛋白质然后使用特异性兔多克隆抗血清来检测固定的抗原。最终使用磷酸酶缀合的山羊抗兔抗体来定量第二抗体的结合。出口绝对依赖于寄生虫cGMP依赖性蛋白激酶PKG的活性,因此受细胞内cGMP水平的影响(Collins等人,2013)。这由鸟苷酸环化酶和磷酸二酯酶之间的相互作用调节。后者酶也可以降解cAMP,因此它也可以是信息性的测量细胞内cAMP水平

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