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Potassium Chloride

氯化钾

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: P5405
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Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization Following RNAi Mediated Knockdown in Drosophila
Author:
Date:
2021-02-20
[Abstract]  

Loss of function studies shed significant light on the involvement of a gene or gene product in different cellular processes. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is a classical yet straightforward technique frequently used to knock down a gene for assessing its function. Similar perturbations in gene expression can be achieved by siRNA, microRNA, or CRISPR-Cas9 methods also. In Drosophila genetics, the UAS-GAL4 system is utilized to express RNAi and make ubiquitous and tissue-specific knockdowns possible. The UAS-GAL4 system borrows genetic components of S. cerevisiae, hence rule out the possibility of accidental expression of the system. In particular, this technique uses a target-specific shRNA, and the expression of the same is governed by the upstream activating

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[摘要]  [摘要]功能丧失的研究为基因或基因产物在不同细胞过程中的参与提供了重要启示。短发夹RNA(shRNA)介导的RNA干扰(RNAi)是一种经典而直接的技术,经常用于敲低基因以评估其功能。也可以通过siRNA,microRNA或CRISPR-Cas9方法实现类似的基因表达扰动。在果蝇遗传学中,UAS-GAL4系统用于表达RNAi,并使遍在和组织特异性的基因敲除成为可能。UAS-GAL4系统借鉴了酿酒酵母的遗传成分,因此排除了系统意外表达的可能性。特别地,该技术使用靶标特异性shRNA,并且其表达受上游激活序列(UAS)支配。由特定启动子调节的GAL4受控表达可以普遍或以组织特异性方式驱动干扰RNA的表达。通过RNA分离和半定量RT-PCR反应,然后进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳来测量敲低效率。我们还采用了免疫染色程序来评估击倒效率。

RNAi为研究人员提供了降低基因产物水平(相当于亚同型条件)并研究结果的选择。基于UAS-GAL4的RNAi方法提供了基因表达的时空调节,还有助于推断早期发育阶段所需的基因功能。


[背景]果蝇果蝇(果蝇)是在研究实验室经常使用的一种通用模式生物。果蝇易于处理,繁殖和维护。而且,精心制作却寿命短,繁殖力高的果蝇具有更多的优势。果蝇遗传学工具的易用性有助于发展对基因功能的全面了解。由于果蝇基因中有60%与人类基因同源,并且具有前面提到的其他优点,因此果蝇是研究体内基因功能的显而易见的模型生物。 ...

Efficient Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of the Elite–Indica Rice Variety Komboka
Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract]  Genetic transformation is crucial for both investigating gene functions and for engineering of crops to introduce new traits. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important model in plant research, since it is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population. As a result, numerous transformation methods have been developed for both indica and japonica rice. Since breeders continuously develop new rice varieties, transformation protocols have to be adapted for each new variety. Here we provide an optimized transformation protocol with detailed tips and tricks for a new African variety Komboka using immature embryos. In Komboka, we obtained an apparent transformation rate of up to 48% for GUS/GFP reporter gene constructs using this optimized protocol. This ... [摘要]  
[摘要 ] 遗传转化对于研究基因功能和农作物工程引入新性状均至关重要。水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是植物研究中的重要模型,因为它是世界一半以上人口的主食。其结果是,大量的转化方法已经开发了两个籼稻和粳稻米。由于育种者不断开发新的水稻品种,因此必须针对每个新品种适应转化方案。在这里,我们为使用未成熟胚的非洲新品种Komboka 提供了一种优化的转化协议,包括详细的技巧和窍门。在Komboka中,我们使用此优化方案对GUS / GFP报告基因构建体的表观转化率高达48%。该协议也适用于其他优质lite 稻品种。


[背景 ] 为植物的遗传转化的各种方法公顷一直在开发,例如穿孔(Shimamoto PEG介导的原生质体转染。等人,1989;达塔。等人,1992),生物射弹转化(Christou的等人,1991)和农杆菌-介导的转化(Slamet-Loedin 等,2014)。农杆菌介导的转化是将DNA引入植物的最广泛使用的方法之一(van Wordragen and Dons,1992)。该方法已被广泛用于研究,并已成为生物技术的关键先决条件。自从开发新的育种技术(如基因组编辑)以来,它就变得越来越重要(Char ...

Measurement of Dopamine Using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry in Rodent Brain Slices
Author:
Date:
2018-10-05
[Abstract]  Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is an electrochemical technique that allows sub-second detection of oxidizable chemical species, including monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This technique has been used to record the physiological dynamics of these neurotransmitters in brain tissue, including their rates of release and reuptake as well as the activity of neuromodulators that regulate such processes. This protocol will focus on the use of ex vivo FSCV for the detection of dopamine within the nucleus accumbens in slices obtained from rodents. We have included all necessary materials, reagents, recipes, procedures, and analyses in order to successfully perform this technique in the laboratory setting. Additionally, we have also included ... [摘要]  快速扫描循环伏安法(FSCV)是一种电化学技术,可以亚秒检测可氧化的化学物质,包括单胺类神经递质,如多巴胺,去甲肾上腺素和血清素。 该技术已被用于记录这些神经递质在脑组织中的生理动态,包括它们的释放和再摄取速率以及调节这些过程的神经调节剂的活性。 该方案将集中于使用离体 FSCV检测从啮齿动物获得的切片中的伏隔核内的多巴胺。 我们已经包含了所有必要的材料,试剂,配方,程序和分析,以便在实验室环境中成功地执行该技术。 此外,我们还提供了一些警示点,我们认为这些警告点对于那些在该领域的新手有帮助。

【背景】由于首先将用于检查生理系统的电特性的能力用于临床前科学研究,因此已经开发了许多用于研究突触生理学的技术。从鱿鱼轴突电生理记录的早期到现在的快速扫描循环伏安法(FSCV)在人类帕金森病患者中进行(Kishida et al。,2016; Lohrenz et al。,2016),该领域在相对较短的时间内取得了重大进展。该协议的重点是FSCV,是物理学家,分析化学家和神经科学家之间40多年的创新和合作的技术成果。早在19世纪(Bard和Zoski,2000年),电化学与Michael Faraday和Alessandro Volta一起诞生(Bard and Zoski,2000),直到20世纪20年代,Jaroslav ...

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