{{'Search' | translate}}
 

HEPES sodium salt

HEPES钠盐

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: H7006
Bio-protocol()
Company-protocol()
Other protocol()

Immuno-electrophysiology on Neuromuscular Junctions of Drosophila Third Instar Larva
Author:
Date:
2021-02-05
[Abstract]  

Alterations in synaptic transmission are critical early events in neuromuscular disorders. However, reliable methodologies to analyze the functional organization of the neuromuscular synapses are still needed. This manuscript provides a detailed protocol to analyze the molecular assembly of the neuromuscular synapses through immune-electrophysiology in Drosophila melanogaster. This technique allows the quantification of the molecular behavior of the neuromuscular synapses by correlating the structural configuration of the synaptic boutons with their electrical activity.

[摘要]  [摘要]突触传递的改变是神经肌肉疾病的关键早期事件。但是,仍然需要可靠的方法来分析神经肌肉突触的功能组织。此马努脚本提供了详细的协议,通过在免疫电分析神经肌肉突触的分子组装果蝇黑腹果蝇。该技术通过使突触钮扣的结构构型与其电活动相关联,可以量化神经肌肉突触的分子行为。


[背景]果蝇三龄幼虫的神经肌肉接头(NMJ)的功能组织在研究突触形成和功能的分子机制方面具有突出的优势(Feiguin等,2009 ; Godena等,2011; Romano等。(2014年和2015年;Strah等人,2020年),它在包括人类在内的其他物种中似乎是保守的。在这方面,果蝇NMJs的解剖组织是由多个突触钮扣构成的,这些突触钮扣是在运动轴突的最终乔木形成的。这些结构的分化和维持负责骨骼肌的神经支配,并暗示不同分子的协调作用,专门用于建立细胞接触以及释放,接收和整合神经递质信号传导所需的机制。此外,在果蝇中开发的功能强大的遗传工具以及神经系统对单个神经元的解剖学解析,提供了难得的机会,可以在可区分细胞的组织中进行全基因组范围的分子表型无偏搜索。尽管果蝇已经存在可视化神经肌肉突触建立的单独协议(Sabeva和Bykhovskaia,2017 ; Goel等人,2019 ...

Isolation of Intact Vacuoles from Petunia Petals and Extraction of Sequestered Glycosylated Phenylpropanoid Compounds
Author:
Date:
2018-07-05
[Abstract]  Plant vacuoles are the largest compartment in plant cells, occupying more than 80% of the cell volume. A variety of proteins, sugars, pigments and other metabolites are stored in these organelles (Paris et al., 1996; Olbrich et al., 2007). Flowers produce a variety of specialized metabolites, some of which are unique to this organ, such as components of pollination syndromes, i.e., scent volatiles and flavonoids (Hoballah et al., 2007; Cna'ani et al., 2015). To study the compounds stored in floral vacuoles, this compartment must be separated from the rest of the cell. To enable isolation of vacuoles, protoplasts were first generated by incubating pierced corollas with cellulase and macrozyme enzymes. After filtering and several centrifugation ... [摘要]  植物液泡是植物细胞中最大的隔室,占细胞体积的80%以上。各种蛋白质,糖,色素和其他代谢物存储在这些细胞器中(Paris et al。,1996; Olbrich et al。,2007)。花产生多种特殊代谢物,其中一些是该器官特有的,如授粉综合征的成分, ie ,气味挥发物和黄酮类化合物(Hoballah et al。, 2007; Cna'ani et al。,2015)。为了研究存储在花液泡中的化合物,必须将该隔室与细胞的其余部分分开。为了能够分离液泡,首先通过将刺穿的花冠与纤维素酶和macrozyme酶一起孵育来产生原生质体。在过滤和几个离心步骤后,通过显微镜观察显示原生质体与碎片和受损/破裂的原生质体分离。裂解浓缩的原生质体,并通过Ficoll梯度离心提取液泡。 Vacuoles用于隔离代谢物的定量GC-MS分析。这种方法使我们能够将空泡识别为糖基化挥发性苯丙酸类的亚细胞聚集位点,并假设共轭气味化合物在通向顶空的途径中被隔离(Cna'ani et al。,2017) 。

【背景】植物空泡占植物细胞中细胞体积的80%。这些细胞器对植物生长和发育至关重要,在整个植物的生命中具有不同的功能。 ...

Preparation of Onion Epidermal Cell Walls for Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
Author:
Date:
2017-12-20
[Abstract]  The growing plant cell wall is comprised of long, thin cellulose microfibrils embedded in a hydrated matrix of polysaccharides and glycoproteins. These components are typically constructed in layers (lamellae) on the inner surface of the cell wall, i.e., between the existing wall and the plasma membrane. The organization of these components is an important feature for plant cell growth and mechanics. To directly visualize the nano-scale structure of the newly-deposited surface of primary plant cell walls without dehydration or chemical extraction, a protocol of cell wall preparation for AFM imaging the most recently-synthesized cell wall surface in aqueous solutions was developed. Although the method was developed for onion scale epidermal peels, it can also be adapted to other ... [摘要]  生长的植物细胞壁由嵌入多糖和糖蛋白的水合基质中的长而薄的纤维素微原纤维组成。这些组分通常在细胞壁的内表面(即现有的壁与质膜之间)中以层(薄层)构建。这些成分的组织是植物细胞生长和力学的重要特征。为了直接观察原始植物细胞壁的新沉积表面的纳米级结构而不脱水或化学提取,开发了用于原子力显微镜成像的细胞壁制备方案,最近在水溶液中合成了细胞壁表面。虽然该方法是为洋葱鳞片表皮制定的,但它也可以适用于其他器官,如拟南芥胚轴,以及来自叶柄或下胚轴的细胞壁的研磨样品。拟南芥和黄瓜,玉米胚芽鞘和洋葱薄壁组织。还讨论了植物细胞壁的AFM成像的潜在伪影。

【背景】原生植物细胞壁的结构在确定细胞壁生物力学性质和调节植物细胞生长和形态发生方面起着关键作用(Cosgrove,2005和2016)。为了显现细胞壁组织,常用方法包括透射和扫描电子显微镜(TEM,SEM),光学显微镜和AFM(McCann等人,1990; Marga等人, ,2005; Anderson等人,2010; Ding等人,2012; Abraham和Elbaum,2013; Zhang等人,,2014 ; ...

Comments